C++

Overview

C++ extends C with classes, templates (generic programming), and a large standard library, while retaining low-level control and performance. It's the backbone of game engines, high-performance applications, and much system-level infrastructure.

Core concepts

• •Classes and objects
• •Templates (generics)
• •The Standard Template Library (STL)
• •RAII and memory management
• •References

Example

std::vector is part of the STL, a generic, type-safe container -- a much safer alternative to C's raw arrays and manual memory management.

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3};
    for (int n : nums) std::cout << n << " ";
}

Common use cases

• •Game engines
• •High-frequency trading systems
• •Performance-critical libraries and infrastructure

Project ideas

• •A generic stack or queue implemented with templates

Official references

• cppreference: C++